4.7 while Repetition Structure

A repetition structure allows the programmer to specify that an action is to be repeatedwhile a condition remains true. The pseudocode statement While there are more items on my shopping listPurchase next item and cross it off my list describes the repetition that occurs during a shopping trip. The condition, “there are more items on my shopping list” may be true or false. If it is true, then the action, “Purchase next item and cross it off my list”...

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4.6 if/else Selection Structure

The if selection structure performs an indicated action only when the condition evaluatesto true; otherwise, the action is skipped. The if/else selection structure allows the pro-grammer to specify different actions to perform when the condition is true and when thecondition is false. For example, the pseudocode statement               If student’s grade is greater than or equal...

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4.5 if Selection Structure

In a program, a selection structure chooses among alternative courses of action. For exam- ple,  suppose  that  the  passing  grade  on  an  examination  is  60  (out  of  100).  Then  the pseudocode statement        If student’s grade is greater than or equal to 60                Print “Passed” determines if the condition “student’s grade is greater than or equal to 60” is true or false. If the condition is true,...

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4.4 Control Structures

Normally, statements in a program execute one after the other in the order in which they appear in the program. This is called sequential execution. Various C# statements enable the programmer to specify that the next statement to execute may not be the next one in sequence. A transfer of control occurs when a statement other than the next one in the pro- gram executes. During the 1960s, it became clear that the indiscriminate use of transfers of...

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4.3 Pseudocode

Pseudocode is an artificial and informal language that helps programmers develop algo- rithms. The pseudocode we present is particularly useful for developing algorithms that will be converted to structured portions of C# programs. Pseudocode is similar to everyday English; it is convenient and user-friendly, and it is not an actual computer programming language.          Pseudocode is not executed on computers. Rather, pseudocode helps the programmer “think out” a program before attempting to write it in a programming...

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4.2 Algorithms

         Any computing problem can be solved by executing a series of actions in a specific order.  A procedure for solving a problem in terms of                 1.  the actions to be executed and                 2.  the order in which these actions are to be executed is called an algorithm. The example that follows demonstrates the importance of correctly specifying the order in which the actions are to be executed.  ...

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4.1 Introduction

Before writing a program to solve a problem, it is essential to have a thorough understand-ing of the problem and a carefully planned approach. When writing a program, it is equallyessential to understand the types of building blocks that are available and to employ provenprogram construction principles. In this chapter and the next, we present the theory andprinciples of structured programming. The techniques you will learn are applicable to mosthigh-level languages, including C#. When we study object-based programming in moredepth in...

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